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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Caching</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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  <div class="section" id="creating-libraries">
<h1>Creating Libraries<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-libraries" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>When we use the term “Libraries” we are normally referring to the
classes that are located in the libraries directory and described in the
Class Reference of this user guide. In this case, however, we will
instead describe how you can create your own libraries within your
application/libraries directory in order to maintain separation between
your local resources and the global framework resources.</p>
<p>As an added bonus, CodeIgniter permits your libraries to extend native
classes if you simply need to add some functionality to an existing
library. Or you can even replace native libraries just by placing
identically named versions in your <em>application/libraries</em> directory.</p>
<p>In summary:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>You can create entirely new libraries.</li>
<li>You can extend native libraries.</li>
<li>You can replace native libraries.</li>
</ul>
<p>The page below explains these three concepts in detail.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The Database classes can not be extended or replaced with your
own classes. All other classes are able to be replaced/extended.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="storage">
<h2>Storage<a class="headerlink" href="#storage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Your library classes should be placed within your <em>application/libraries</em>
directory, as this is where CodeIgniter will look for them when they are
initialized.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="naming-conventions">
<h2>Naming Conventions<a class="headerlink" href="#naming-conventions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>File names must be capitalized. For example: Myclass.php</li>
<li>Class declarations must be capitalized. For example: class Myclass</li>
<li>Class names and file names must match.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-class-file">
<h2>The Class File<a class="headerlink" href="#the-class-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Classes should have this basic prototype:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<span class="nb">defined</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;BASEPATH&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">OR</span> <span class="k">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;No direct script access allowed&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Someclass</span> <span class="p">{</span>

<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">some_method</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">We are using the name Someclass purely as an example.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-your-class">
<h2>Using Your Class<a class="headerlink" href="#using-your-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>From within any of your <a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">Controller</span></a> methods you
can initialize your class using the standard:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;someclass&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Where <em>someclass</em> is the file name, without the “.php” file extension.
You can submit the file name capitalized or lower case. CodeIgniter
doesn’t care.</p>
<p>Once loaded you can access your class using the lower case version:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">someclass</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">some_method</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="nx"> </span> <span class="c1">// Object instances will always be lower case</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="passing-parameters-when-initializing-your-class">
<h2>Passing Parameters When Initializing Your Class<a class="headerlink" href="#passing-parameters-when-initializing-your-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>In the library loading method you can dynamically pass data as an
array via the second parameter and it will be passed to your class
constructor:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;type&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;someclass&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you use this feature you must set up your class constructor to expect
data:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="nb">defined</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;BASEPATH&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">OR</span> <span class="k">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;No direct script access allowed&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Someclass</span> <span class="p">{</span>

<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__construct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="p">{</span>
                <span class="c1">// Do something with $params</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also pass parameters stored in a config file. Simply create a
config file named identically to the class file name and store it in
your <em>application/config/</em> directory. Note that if you dynamically pass
parameters as described above, the config file option will not be
available.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="utilizing-codeigniter-resources-within-your-library">
<h2>Utilizing CodeIgniter Resources within Your Library<a class="headerlink" href="#utilizing-codeigniter-resources-within-your-library" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>To access CodeIgniter’s native resources within your library use the
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_instance()</span></code> method. This method returns the CodeIgniter super
object.</p>
<p>Normally from within your controller methods you will call any of the
available CodeIgniter methods using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this</span></code> construct:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;session&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;base_url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// etc.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this</span></code>, however, only works directly within your controllers, your
models, or your views. If you would like to use CodeIgniter’s classes
from within your own custom classes you can do so as follows:</p>
<p>First, assign the CodeIgniter object to a variable:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$CI</span> <span class="o">=&amp;</span> <span class="nx">get_instance</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once you’ve assigned the object to a variable, you’ll use that variable
<em>instead</em> of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$CI</span> <span class="o">=&amp;</span> <span class="nx">get_instance</span><span class="p">();</span>

<span class="nv">$CI</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$CI</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;session&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$CI</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;base_url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// etc.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>You’ll notice that the above <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_instance()</span></code> function is being
passed by reference:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$CI</span> <span class="o">=&amp;</span> <span class="nx">get_instance</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p class="last">This is very important. Assigning by reference allows you to use the
original CodeIgniter object rather than creating a copy of it.</p>
</div>
<p>However, since a library is a class, it would be better if you
take full advantage of the OOP principles. So, in order to
be able to use the CodeIgniter super-object in all of the class
methods, you’re encouraged to assign it to a property instead:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Example_library</span> <span class="p">{</span>

<span class="k">protected</span> <span class="nv">$CI</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="c1">// We&#39;ll use a constructor, as you can&#39;t directly call a function</span>
        <span class="c1">// from a property definition.</span>
        <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__construct</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="p">{</span>
                <span class="c1">// Assign the CodeIgniter super-object</span>
                <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">CI</span> <span class="o">=&amp;</span> <span class="nx">get_instance</span><span class="p">();</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>

<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">foo</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="p">{</span>
                <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">CI</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
                <span class="nx">redirect</span><span class="p">();</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>

<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">bar</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="p">{</span>
                <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">CI</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;base_url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>

<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="replacing-native-libraries-with-your-versions">
<h2>Replacing Native Libraries with Your Versions<a class="headerlink" href="#replacing-native-libraries-with-your-versions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Simply by naming your class files identically to a native library will
cause CodeIgniter to use it instead of the native one. To use this
feature you must name the file and the class declaration exactly the
same as the native library. For example, to replace the native Email
library you’ll create a file named <em>application/libraries/Email.php</em>,
and declare your class with:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CI_Email</span> <span class="p">{</span>

<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that most native classes are prefixed with CI_.</p>
<p>To load your library you’ll see the standard loading method:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">At this time the Database classes can not be replaced with
your own versions.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="extending-native-libraries">
<h2>Extending Native Libraries<a class="headerlink" href="#extending-native-libraries" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If all you need to do is add some functionality to an existing library -
perhaps add a method or two - then it’s overkill to replace the entire
library with your version. In this case it’s better to simply extend the
class. Extending a class is nearly identical to replacing a class with a
couple exceptions:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The class declaration must extend the parent class.</li>
<li>Your new class name and filename must be prefixed with MY_ (this
item is configurable. See below.).</li>
</ul>
<p>For example, to extend the native Email class you’ll create a file named
<em>application/libraries/MY_Email.php</em>, and declare your class with:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MY_Email</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Email</span> <span class="p">{</span>

<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you need to use a constructor in your class make sure you
extend the parent constructor:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MY_Email</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Email</span> <span class="p">{</span>

<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__construct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$config</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">())</span>
        <span class="p">{</span>
                <span class="k">parent</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">__construct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">);</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>

<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Not all of the libraries have the same (or any) parameters
in their constructor. Take a look at the library that you’re
extending first to see how it should be implemented.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="loading-your-sub-class">
<h3>Loading Your Sub-class<a class="headerlink" href="#loading-your-sub-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>To load your sub-class you’ll use the standard syntax normally used. DO
NOT include your prefix. For example, to load the example above, which
extends the Email class, you will use:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded you will use the class variable as you normally would for
the class you are extending. In the case of the email class all calls
will use:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">email</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">some_method</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="setting-your-own-prefix">
<h3>Setting Your Own Prefix<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-your-own-prefix" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>To set your own sub-class prefix, open your
<em>application/config/config.php</em> file and look for this item:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;subclass_prefix&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;MY_&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Please note that all native CodeIgniter libraries are prefixed with CI_
so DO NOT use that as your prefix.</p>
</div>
</div>
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