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 <div class="section" id="models">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#models" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
Models are optionally available for those who want to use a more
traditional MVC approach.
<div class="contents topic" id="page-contents">
Page Contents
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#models" id="id1">Models</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-a-model" id="id2">What is a Model?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" id="id3">Anatomy of a Model</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-a-model" id="id4">Loading a Model</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#auto-loading-models" id="id5">Auto-loading Models</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#connecting-to-your-database" id="id6">Connecting to your Database</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="what-is-a-model">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">What is a Model?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
Models are PHP classes that are designed to work with information in
your database. For example, let’s say you use CodeIgniter to manage a
blog. You might have a model class that contains functions to insert,
update, and retrieve your blog data. Here is an example of what such a
model class might look like:
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>class Blog_model extends CI_Model {

public $title;
 public $content;
 public $date;

public function get_last_ten_entries()
 {
 $query = $this-&gt;db-&gt;get(&#39;entries&#39;, 10);
 return $query-&gt;result();
 }

public function insert_entry()
 {
 $this-&gt;title = $_POST[&#39;title&#39;]; // please read the below note
 $this-&gt;content = $_POST[&#39;content&#39;];
 $this-&gt;date = time();

$this-&gt;db-&gt;insert(&#39;entries&#39;, $this);
 }

public function update_entry()
 {
 $this-&gt;title = $_POST[&#39;title&#39;];
 $this-&gt;content = $_POST[&#39;content&#39;];
 $this-&gt;date = time();

$this-&gt;db-&gt;update(&#39;entries&#39;, $this, array(&#39;id&#39; =&gt; $_POST[&#39;id&#39;]));
 }

}
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
Note
The methods in the above example use the <a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder</a> database methods.
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
Note
For the sake of simplicity in this example we’re using <code class="docutils literal">$_POST</code>
directly. This is generally bad practice, and a more common approach
would be to use the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Library</a>
<code class="docutils literal">$this-&gt;input-&gt;post('title')</code>.
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="anatomy-of-a-model">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Anatomy of a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
Model classes are stored in your application/models/ directory.
They can be nested within sub-directories if you want this type of
organization.
The basic prototype for a model class is this:
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>class Model_name extends CI_Model {

public function __construct()
 {
 parent::__construct();
 // Your own constructor code
 }

}
</pre></div>
</div>
Where Model_name is the name of your class. Class names must have
the first letter capitalized with the rest of the name lowercase. Make
sure your class extends the base Model class.
The file name must match the class name. For example, if this is your class:
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>class User_model extends CI_Model {

}
</pre></div>
</div>
Your file will be this:
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>application/models/User_model.php
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="loading-a-model">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Loading a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
Your models will typically be loaded and called from within your
<a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html">controller</a> methods. To load a model you will use
the following method:
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>$this-&gt;load-&gt;model(&#39;model_name&#39;);
</pre></div>
</div>
If your model is located in a sub-directory, include the relative path
from your models directory. For example, if you have a model located at
application/models/blog/Queries.php you’ll load it using:
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>$this-&gt;load-&gt;model(&#39;blog/queries&#39;);
</pre></div>
</div>
Once loaded, you will access your model methods using an object with the
same name as your class:
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>$this-&gt;load-&gt;model(&#39;model_name&#39;);

$this-&gt;model_name-&gt;method();
</pre></div>
</div>
If you would like your model assigned to a different object name you can
specify it via the second parameter of the loading method:
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>$this-&gt;load-&gt;model(&#39;model_name&#39;, &#39;foobar&#39;);

$this-&gt;foobar-&gt;method();
</pre></div>
</div>
Here is an example of a controller, that loads a model, then serves a
view:
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>class Blog_controller extends CI_Controller {

public function blog()
 {
 $this-&gt;load-&gt;model(&#39;blog&#39;);

$data[&#39;query&#39;] = $this-&gt;blog-&gt;get_last_ten_entries();

$this-&gt;load-&gt;view(&#39;blog&#39;, $data);
 }
}
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="auto-loading-models">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Auto-loading Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#auto-loading-models" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
If you find that you need a particular model globally throughout your
application, you can tell CodeIgniter to auto-load it during system
initialization. This is done by opening the
application/config/autoload.php file and adding the model to the
autoload array.
</div>
<div class="section" id="connecting-to-your-database">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Connecting to your Database</a><a class="headerlink" href="#connecting-to-your-database" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
When a model is loaded it does NOT connect automatically to your
database. The following options for connecting are available to you:
<ul>
<li>You can connect using the standard database methods <a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">described
here</a>, either from within your
Controller class or your Model class.
</li>
<li>You can tell the model loading method to auto-connect by passing
TRUE (boolean) via the third parameter, and connectivity settings,
as defined in your database config file will be used:
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>$this-&gt;load-&gt;model(&#39;model_name&#39;, &#39;&#39;, TRUE);
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li>You can manually pass database connectivity settings via the third
parameter:
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre>$config[&#39;hostname&#39;] = &#39;localhost&#39;;
$config[&#39;username&#39;] = &#39;myusername&#39;;
$config[&#39;password&#39;] = &#39;mypassword&#39;;
$config[&#39;database&#39;] = &#39;mydatabase&#39;;
$config[&#39;dbdriver&#39;] = &#39;mysqli&#39;;
$config[&#39;dbprefix&#39;] = &#39;&#39;;
$config[&#39;pconnect&#39;] = FALSE;
$config[&#39;db_debug&#39;] = TRUE;

$this-&gt;load-&gt;model(&#39;model_name&#39;, &#39;&#39;, $config);
</pre></div>
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